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</head>
<body lang="EN-US" link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72">
<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Sorry, forgot the link to the google doc:
<a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wObUc4jEjiWMNkEwfIcRdA5dMIPah8i3nDSNilKBJcw/edit?usp=sharing">
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wObUc4jEjiWMNkEwfIcRdA5dMIPah8i3nDSNilKBJcw/edit?usp=sharing</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Best, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Joshua<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> athen-list [mailto:athen-list-bounces@mailman13.u.washington.edu]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>KRISTA L. GREEAR<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, October 20, 2015 3:10 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Access Technology Higher Education Network <athen-list@u.washington.edu><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Athen] the math accessibility guru's have spoken<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Love it! <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> athen-list [<a href="mailto:athen-list-bounces@mailman13.u.washington.edu">mailto:athen-list-bounces@mailman13.u.washington.edu</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Joshua Hori<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, October 20, 2015 2:51 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Access Technology Higher Education Network <<a href="mailto:athen-list@u.washington.edu">athen-list@u.washington.edu</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Athen] the math accessibility guru's have spoken<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">The compilation is now a Google Doc.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:#1F497D">Some other considerations:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Vision Objects Web equations: <a href="https://webdemo.myscript.com/#/demo/equation">
https://webdemo.myscript.com/#/demo/equation</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style="color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">         
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="color:#1F497D">Convert handwriting into LaTeX and MathML<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Using the Vision Objects to create math equations for an LMS:
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-aRZZO_veE">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-aRZZO_veE</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Benetech’s Math Matrix: <a href="http://msf.mathmlcloud.org/">
http://msf.mathmlcloud.org/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo4"><![if !supportLists]><span style="color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">         
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="color:#1F497D">Verify which assistive technologies read math aloud and which types of software and plug-ins are needed (currently in beta).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Speech Driven Math Editor: <a href="http://www.inftyreader.org/?p=67">
http://www.inftyreader.org/?p=67</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo4"><![if !supportLists]><span style="color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">         
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="color:#1F497D">Can be a little clunky but is based off of free software and custom macro’s. The macro’s listed at the above link do not work, but I have them
<a href="https://www.dropbox.com/sh/wq1wbhiaqj11onl/AADMBJsKX73D7weWdg_iVcW7a?dl=0">
available within a DropBox</a>. I’ve found that math terms over 3 syllables can be problematic for macros…or maybe it’s just my pronunciation that’s horrible?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Benetech’s Math Cloud: <a href="http://benetech.org/our-programs/literacy/born-accessible/mathml-cloud/">
http://benetech.org/our-programs/literacy/born-accessible/mathml-cloud/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo4"><![if !supportLists]><span style="color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">         
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="color:#1F497D">Create accessible math using LaTeX. Provides 3 different outputs. (MathJax, MathML, SVG with Alt Text)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Best, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Joshua Hori<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> athen-list [<a href="mailto:athen-list-bounces@mailman13.u.washington.edu">mailto:athen-list-bounces@mailman13.u.washington.edu</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>KRISTA L. GREEAR<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, October 19, 2015 5:10 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Access Technology Higher Education Network <<a href="mailto:athen-list@u.washington.edu">athen-list@u.washington.edu</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Athen] the math accessibility guru's have spoken<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Below is a compilation of responses to 5 questions that I posed to the listserv about math accessibility last week. I received a handful of responses and copied/pasted their comments with virtually no editing. They are in no particular
 order. A 6<sup>th</sup> and 7<sup>th</sup> question was asked which I did my best to respond. The questions are identified as a heading 1 with the responses in bulleted form underneath. Attached is a word doc version as well.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Many thanks to the brave and kind folks who shared their knowledge!<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<h1>Why does LaTeX not work with adaptive technology?<o:p></o:p></h1>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo6">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><![endif]>I'm attaching a LaTeX, MathML tools for creating accessible documents guide, and here is the author's webpage:
<a href="https://www.csun.edu/~hcmth008/">https://www.csun.edu/~hcmth008/</a> <o:p>
</o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo6">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><![endif]>My guess is that screen readers have been designed to interpret the HTML markup syntax, and have not yet have the market demand to build a parser for LaTeX.  To dig deeper, I suspect it would be very challenging for screen readers
 to distinguish between two sets of markup grammar, and to be able to interpret substitution macros in LaTeX.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo6">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><![endif]>LaTeX is a programming language for typesetting documents and is presented in a text format. A person can work in a LaTeX editor and the text content will be read, but it functions like code. If you understand the code, then you
 will understand the equation. It's a bit like looking at HTML code and being able to envision the web page. So, if you are interacting with the code view, then screen-readers can read the text string of a LaTeX equation. When you use LaTeX, you are providing
 specific instructions for content (e.g., text, equations, etc.) to be rendered visually in a specific manner. Once a LaTeX file is compiled and printed, you are no longer dealing with LaTeX content.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo6">
<![if !supportLists]><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="EN-GB">There has been some working going on in the UK that may help answer your questions. There is a publication from 2012
<a href="http://www.mathcentre.ac.uk/resources/uploaded/inclusivecurricula.pdf"><span style="color:windowtext">http://www.mathcentre.ac.uk/resources/uploaded/inclusivecurricula.pdf</span></a> that might be useful. The articles on starting on page 19 may be
 useful as they explain how to blind students developed a system of reading  LaTeX in a pretty raw form as a reading medium instead of braille. They considered this the quickest route to access maths. But these were very talented mathematicians who started
 to develop this technique before the graduated school. The advice we give to VI mathematicians keen to study it at college is to learn LaTeX as soon as possible.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo6">
<![if !supportLists]><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="EN-GB">Some thoughts on your questions. The main reason that LaTeX is a difficult format to convert from into one that works with assistive technology is that it is an unstructured. That is there are no semantics within
 the maths notation and it is possible to create a document without any structure. The other problem is that anyone can create their own LaTeX macros and can use a range of packages/templates used to compile the LaTeX into other formats. This has a huge impact
 on how easy it is to convert LaTeX into another format.  Emma Cliffe at the University of Bath is the expert in the UK on this area. She had a project in 2012 to look at the process of converting LaTeX into accessible formats -
<a href="http://www.bath.ac.uk/study/mash/maths-access/overview/index.html"><span style="color:windowtext">http://www.bath.ac.uk/study/mash/maths-access/overview/index.html</span></a>  - and she is currently working on a project to produce an up-to-date databased
 on the best techniques. I (Dr Abi James) am going to talk a bit about this at Accessing Higher Ground. Currently her team prefer PlasTeX as a conversion route
<a href="http://plastex.sourceforge.net/"><span style="color:windowtext">http://plastex.sourceforge.net/</span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1>How would you explain professor about how to make LaTeX accessible? (aka is the only option to turn into MathML and use it in a word document or with HTML)?<o:p></o:p></h1>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo8">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><![endif]>In certain LMS (e.g., D2L, Canvas), the equation editor includes LaTeX as one of the input methods.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo8">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><![endif]>Some students who are familiar and/or literate in LaTeX may prefer to use a LaTeX file directly as the student would be working with the language directly. I worked with a few students who preferred this interaction as they had
 access to the actual equation code. Further, there were several majors in which students were expected to be literate in LaTeX, regardless of disability. It was just how that academic community communicated.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo8">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><![endif]>LaTeX serves an input format (essentially) and as such is much more compact and easier to understand than MathML. However, it was not intended to be an output format and provide the semantic structure of math content - that's
 a role MathML provides. LaTeX was intended for authoring documents so as to then print them out in an accurate manner.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo8">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><![endif]>If the student is not familiar with LaTeX and prefers to use an HTML or MS Word format (depending on the preferred AT), then you will need to jump through a few steps. If you want to use MS Word with NVDA, then MathType is the
 easiest tool to use to copy and paste LaTeX into MS Word and use MathType to convert these to math objects. Alternatively, if you want to use HTML, then you can embed LaTeX math equations in an HTML file and use MathJax to convert the LaTeX into MathML content.<o:p></o:p></p>
<h1>What do you use to go from a LaTeX-based document to a MathML one?<o:p></o:p></h1>
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<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><![endif]>A handful of converters exists from a quick Internet search.  Would anyone share their experience about these converters?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo10">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><![endif]>You could use MathJax or MathType as conversion tools. MathJax if you are dealing with web pages and MathType if you are dealing with MS Word. There may be others, but these are the two I was most familiar with during production.<o:p></o:p></p>
<h1>Do you know of any updates about making math accessible within a PDF?<o:p></o:p></h1>
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<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><![endif]>To my knowledge, MathML with Word or HTML is the best option.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo12">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><![endif]>I believe MathML is supposed to be part of the next PDF/UA specification. I have heard rumors of PDF documents with accessible math equations, but have not seen one yet. Of note is that even if MathML becomes part of the PDF/UA
 specification, AT will still need to do some work to support such implementations.<o:p></o:p></p>
<h1>If you got to stand in front of all math faculty at your campus, what would you want to share with them?
<o:p></o:p></h1>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo14">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><![endif]>My advice to STEM persons would be: if they save .tex documents as .pdf, keep the original LaTeX source files in case an accommodation for a screen reader user is needed.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo16">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><![endif]>This may be a <a href="http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/accessibility">
good resource for STEM faculty - it's a "tex" accessibility forum</a> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><![endif]><a href="https://www.pcc.edu/resources/instructional-support/access/math.html">Math & Science Accessibility</a>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo16">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><![endif]><a href="http://www.pcc.edu/resources/instructional-support/access/Math-Accessibility.html">Math Accessibility Study</a>
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><![endif]>While I think there has been some progress in terms of math accessibility, I don't think there is one "great" solution as it depends on what AT a student is using to interact with math content. In many cases, there is some level
 of alternate format conversion involved. That said, what I think does tend to work well at this time is the following:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo16">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">  
</span></span></span><![endif]>a) Using MS Word+MathType to author math content. This does give a lot of flexibility in terms of interacting with the content directly or converting it into another format (e.g., HTML, DAISY, etc.). A student can use NVDA+MathPlayer+MathType
 to interact directly with math equations in MS Word or the student can use the Central Access Reader to read text/math content.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo16">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">  
</span></span></span><![endif]>b) However, math faculty tend to prefer LaTeX and so the option is to provide access to the .tex files so these may be accessed directly or converted by an alt format team into the desired format.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo16">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">  
</span></span></span><![endif]>c) If I had an audience, I may even go so far as to say that the hand-scribbled and scanned PDF solution sets are really not helpful if trying to convert into an alternate format (you know, the solution sets in which it looks
 like a felt-tip marker was used upside-down and in a mirror to write out the answers). I'm not saying every math professor does it, but there are certainly a few...it's just painful for everyone.<o:p></o:p></p>
<h1>An additional question is how STEM professors are editing their documents nowadays.  I can see the obvious benefits of the typesetting LaTeX in the days of command line, plus a shallow learning curve for maths and computer science experts.  What are the
 rest of STEM faculty using -- those who don't need complex equations everyday and don't have the need to learn a coding language?<o:p></o:p></h1>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo18">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><![endif]>I know that faculty on the UW campus are using the built-in Equation Editor on MS Office. Very few are using MathType. Otherwise, they use LaTeX.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo18">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><![endif]>This is the response I got from one math professor when asked “Do you know what mathML is?” – “I know about MathML. I have never used it. I do not know of any<span style="color:#1F497D">
</span>mathematician using it. Perhaps some mathematicians use it<span style="color:#1F497D">
</span>but I have never encountered it online. It is possible that some pages<span style="color:#1F497D">
</span>use MathML and I am not aware of it.<span style="color:#1F497D"> </span>MathJax is quite popular. I use it on my own personal Web site<span style="color:#1F497D">
</span>and it is used by some of the major societies and companies<span style="color:#1F497D">
</span>involved in math publications.​” <o:p></o:p></p>
<h1>I'm very interested in educating our math department about accessibility. Are you trying to get faculty to create math accessibly from the beginning? As opposed to the disability service office converting it when needed?
<o:p></o:p></h1>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo20"><![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><![endif]>Yes, I am trying to help everyone on campus create more accessible born materials. This is, obviously, the work of 162 lifetimes. However, I am realistic enough to know that the “convert it only when needed” philosophy will still
 exist for some time. Until we can get knowledge/tools/simple processes regarding accessibility to layman, we accessibility professionals all have great job security :]<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Krista Greear<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#1F497D">University of Washington | Disability Resources for Students<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#1F497D">Accessible Text & Technology Manager<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="color:#1F497D">011 Mary Gates Hall | Box 352808<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Seattle, WA  98195-2808 | <a href="http://disability.uw.edu/%22%20%5Ct%20%22_blank"><span style="color:#0000E9">disability.uw.edu/</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><img border="0" width="399" height="52" id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.png@01D10B54.34836600" alt="ada-banner"></span><u><span style="color:blue"><o:p></o:p></span></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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