<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=Windows-1252">
</head>
<body dir="auto">
<div><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">It seems like a good time to remember that twenty-nine years ago later this month (March 22, 1988) Congress overrode President Regan’s veto to pass
</span><a href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/100/s557" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The Civil Rights Restoration Act</a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> to, according to the Senate Report,</span></div>
<div>
<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:6.0pt;margin-right:1.0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:.5in">
<b><span style="font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:black">“overturn Supreme Court’s 1984 decision in </span></b><em><b><span style="font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:blue"><a href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/1983/82-792"><span style="font-style:normal">Grove
City College v. Bell,</span></a></span></b></em><b><span style="font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;color:black"> . . . and to restore the effectiveness and vitality of the four major civil rights statutes [</span></b><b><span style="font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_IX" title="Title IX"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">Title
IX</span></a> of the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_Amendments_of_1972" title="Education Amendments of 1972"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">Education Amendments of 1972</span></a>, Sections 504 of the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_Rehabilitation_Act" title="1973 Rehabilitation Act"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">1973
Rehabilitation Act</span></a>, Title VI of the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">Civil Rights Act of 1964</span></a>, and the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_Discrimination_in_Employment_Act" title="Age Discrimination in Employment Act"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">Age
Discrimination in Employment Act</span></a> of 1975<span style="color:black">] that prohibit discrimination in federally assisted programs.”
<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">This Act clarified Congress’ intent, assuring the broad application of federal protections based on race, sex, age and disability, striking a decisive blow to discrimination.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in"><a href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/1983/82-792" title="Grove City v. Bell"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">Grove City College v.
Bell, 465 U.S. 555</span></a></span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> was decided by the Supreme Court in February of 1984. The Court ruled that the prohibition of sex discrimination in Title IX of the Higher Education Act extended only to the
specific program or activity receiving federal funds; not to the entire institution. Supporting Grove City College’s argument that since the only federal funds they received were student financial aid monies; only their financial aid programs had to operate
in a non-discriminatory manor. Since <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_IX" title="Title IX"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">Title IX</span></a> of the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_Amendments_of_1972" title="Education Amendments of 1972"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">Education
Amendments of 1972</span></a>, Sections 504 of the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_Rehabilitation_Act" title="1973 Rehabilitation Act"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">1973 Rehabilitation Act</span></a>, Title VI of the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">Civil
Rights Act of 1964</span></a>, and the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_Discrimination_in_Employment_Act" title="Age Discrimination in Employment Act"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">Age Discrimination in Employment Act</span></a>
use the same language to describe coverage, the decision significantly narrowed the scope of laws prohibiting federal fund recipients from discrimination based on sex, race, disability and age.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">This sad state of affairs that lasted just over four years when, on March 22, 1988, Congress affirmed its intent and overrode Reagan's veto to restoring four critical civil rights statutes;
clarifying that sex, race, disability and age discrimination are prohibited throughout entire institution if any part receives any federal financial assistance. The Civil Rights Restoration Act is a reminder that discrimination is … discrimination. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Cambria;
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Arial Narrow";
panose-1:2 11 6 6 2 2 2 3 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;}
h1
{mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-link:"Heading 1 Char";
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0in;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:24.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
font-weight:bold;}
h3
{mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-link:"Heading 3 Char";
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0in;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:13.5pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
font-weight:bold;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
p
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0in;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;}
span.Heading1Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 1 Char";
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-link:"Heading 1";
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
color:#365F91;
font-weight:bold;}
span.Heading3Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 3 Char";
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-link:"Heading 3";
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
color:#4F81BD;
font-weight:bold;}
p.msonormal0, li.msonormal0, div.msonormal0
{mso-style-name:msonormal;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0in;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;}
span.BalloonTextChar
{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;}
span.vcard
{mso-style-name:vcard;}
span.entry-categories
{mso-style-name:entry-categories;}
span.entry-comments
{mso-style-name:entry-comments;}
span.entry-tags
{mso-style-name:entry-tags;}
span.EmailStyle27
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
color:black;
font-weight:normal;
font-style:normal;}
span.EmailStyle28
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle30
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style>
</body>
</html>