<div dir="ltr"><b style="font-weight:normal" id="gmail-docs-internal-guid-3485c8a8-2232-79ca-7adf-2e76247fba84"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Greetings Maria,</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">The NDC| nav team saw your posting on the ATHEN listserv and wanted to contribute to the discussion on various formats of Speech-to-Text Services (STTS). We hope you find the following information useful.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">NDC’s</span><a href="https://www.nationaldeafcenter.org/introstt" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="color:rgb(17,85,204);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> Speech-to-Text Services: An Introduction</span></a><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> (1), provides a general overview of these services and offers the following considerations when addressing the question of which format of STTS to provide:</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:36pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Selecting the most appropriate system will depend on the specific situation and the individual requesting the service. Some individuals will prefer [Communication Access Realtime Translation (CART)] because they want to see every word. Other individuals may prefer a meaning-for-meaning system because they become overwhelmed with too much text and want more visual formatting. Some individuals will prefer different services for different settings. For example, a student may request verbatim captioning for a history class, meaning-for-meaning captioning for a sociology class, and interpreting for a math class. There is no “best” system for all situations and all people. (p. 2)</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">STTS are provided in real-time by a Speech-to-Text Professional (STTP) that converts spoken and auditory information into text.  It is important to note that meaning-for-meaning services have additional features that are more reader-friendly such as the ability to incorporate symbols and equations for basic math or even physics classes. CART services do have the ability to incorporate some symbols but you would need to seek an STTP who is trained in doing so. Some deaf individuals may find the meaning-for-meaning format more accessible for them in such cases. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Deaf individuals may use STTS alone or in addition to another accommodation to have full communication access. There are several factors that can influence this decision such as in the following scenarios:</span></p><ul style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">A deaf individual who does not know sign language and may use English to communicate but requires STTS to understand what others are saying. </span></p></li><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">A deaf individual who uses a sign language interpreter to communicate but needs to access highly technical vocabulary such as for STEM and legal coursework through STTS.</span></p></li><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">A deaf individual who may use an Assistive Listening Device (ALD), such as an FM system, to understand what others are saying but may still utilize STTS when environments are not ideal to rely on an ALD alone (e.g. large event venues, highly interactive settings, or other interference in the environment).  </span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">An important standard for you to be aware of is “effective communication”. Effective Communication is the standard set by the U.S. Department of Justice to help determine appropriate accommodations.  The </span><a href="https://www.ada.gov/effective-comm.htm" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="color:rgb(17,85,204);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">U.S. Department of Justice (2010)</span></a><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> (2) defines effective communication as:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">  </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:36pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">‘... communication which affords the individual the ability to give or receive information in a manner that is best for them, and which will ensure their full participation in the programs offered by the institution.’  </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">This standard offers insight to an individual’s choice for a specific speech-to-text service. Student input and the standard together are key factors in ensuring equal access in the classroom. NDC’s </span><a href="http://nationaldeafcenter.org/eag" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="color:rgb(17,85,204);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Equitable Access Guide: Understanding Legal Responsibilities for Institutions</span></a><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> (3) provides the following information in regards to honoring a student’s preference:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:36pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Public post-secondary institutions:  “…must provide an opportunity for individuals with disabilities to request the auxiliary aids and services of their choice and must give primary consideration to the choice expressed by the individual. ‘Primary consideration’ means that the public entity must honor the choice, unless it can demonstrate that another equally effective means of communication is available, or that use of the means chosen would result in a fundamental alteration in the service, program, or activity or in undue financial and administrative burdens (</span><a href="http://www.nationaldeafcenter.org/eag" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="color:rgb(17,85,204);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">p.10</span></a><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">).”</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">From the same guide we also learn of cases where it was determined that institutions did not consider the individual’s perspective on effective communication:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></p><ul style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">In Argenyi v. Creighton University, the court provided some further guidance that highlights an additional requirement of the process.</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><br class="gmail-kix-line-break"></span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><br class="gmail-kix-line-break"></span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> “…it is especially important to consider the complainant's [student’s] testimony carefully because ‘the individual with a disability is most familiar with his or her disability and is in the best position to determine what type of aid or service will be effective.”</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><br class="gmail-kix-line-break"></span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><br class="gmail-kix-line-break"></span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">This statement reflects not just the facts of the one case but the court’s broader understanding that the regulations and existing case law give deference to the auxiliary aid or service requested by deaf and hard of hearing individuals. (</span><a href="http://www.nationaldeafcenter.org/eag" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="color:rgb(17,85,204);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">p. 9</span></a><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">)</span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">We’ve seen in other rulings like the Santa Ana case where the student’s subjective experience is key in determining appropriate accommodations. The student is in the best position to determine what type will be effective:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></p><ul style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">The college violated the ADA and Section 504 by failing to give primary consideration to the student’s request and to take into adequate consideration the student’s subjective experience with the interpreter, especially in light of the significance of the message. Prevailing law grants deference to the student, not the institution, as to the adequacy of auxiliary aids. (</span><a href="http://www.nationaldeafcenter.org/eag" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="color:rgb(17,85,204);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">p.19</span></a><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">)</span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Since there is not a one-size-fits-all approach to accommodations, it is best to work with the student to determine what will be most effective for them. There may be specific reasons for a student to request meaning-for-meaning over verbatim STTS, careful evaluation must be made when substituting one for the other. The follow case highlights the need for careful evaluation to the subjective experience of the student and the request for a specific speech-to-text service format: </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:36pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">As another example, in some instances students have requested word-for-word real-time captioning, but an institution has inappropriately substituted transcription based on a meaning-to-meaning system, such as C-Print.  In one case, the Department of Education’s (ED) Office for Civil Rights (OCR) found that the substitute was not effective for a student who was deaf or hard of hearing in a paralegal class because she missed details of the lecture or information was inaccurately interpreted.  The student had supported her request with medical information showing the need for word-for-word real-time captioning, and after five weeks of classes reiterated that request because she did not think the service provided was adequate. Comparing the transcripts given to the student with audio tapes offered by another student, OCR found that the transcripts did not include important legal terminology that was discussed in class, examples used by the instructor to illustrate legal concepts, and questions and answers that would have assisted the student in comprehending the moderately complex legal concepts addressed in the class, which emphasized not only questions and answers but small group discussions. The transcripts also contained many instances of missing or inaccurately interpreted information. The college agreed to provide the necessary accommodations and to furnish appropriate auxiliary aids to ensure effective communication in the future for other students. (</span><a href="http://www.nationaldeafcenter.org/eag" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="color:rgb(17,85,204);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">p. 14</span></a><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">) </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">We hope you find the above information and resources useful, should you have any further questions about STTS please do not hesitate to reach out to us directly at <a href="mailto:help@nationaldeafcenter.org">help@nationaldeafcenter.org</a>. If you have not done so, please</span><a href="https://www.nationaldeafcenter.org/sign-engage-ndc" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="color:rgb(17,85,204);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> subscribe to our listserv or bimonthly newsletter</span></a><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">. Shortly, you will receive a survey asking for feedback on the activities, services, and support provided by the NDC. Your feedback is appreciated and will be used to improve NDC services.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Resources Referenced:</span></p><ol style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:decimal;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Speech-to-Text Services: An Introduction  </span><a href="https://www.nationaldeafcenter.org/introstt" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="color:rgb(17,85,204);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">https://www.nationaldeafcenter.org/introstt</span></a><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></p></li><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:decimal;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">U.S. Department of Justice (2010)  </span><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:rgb(17,85,204);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><a href="https://www.ada.gov/effective-comm.htm" style="text-decoration:none">https://www.ada.gov/effective-comm.htm</a></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:decimal;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span id="gmail-docs-internal-guid-3485c8a8-2232-79ca-7adf-2e76247fba84" style="color:rgb(34,34,34)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Equitable Access Guide:  Understanding Legal Responsibilities for Institutions (Second Edition)  </span><a href="http://www.nationaldeafcenter.org/eag" style="text-decoration-line:none"><span style="background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;text-decoration-line:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">www.nationaldeafcenter.org/eag</span></a></span></p></li></ol></font></b></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all"><div><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div style="font-size:12.8px"><b style="font-size:12.8px"><font style="vertical-align:inherit"><font style="vertical-align:inherit">NDC | nav team</font></font></b><br></div><div style="font-size:12.8px"><span style="font-size:12.8px"><i><font face="georgia, serif"><font style="vertical-align:inherit"><font style="vertical-align:inherit">Tia Ivanko, Lore Kinast, Dave Litman, Stephanie Zito</font></font></font></i></span></div><div style="font-size:12.8px"><font style="vertical-align:inherit"><font style="vertical-align:inherit">National Deaf Center on Postsecondary Outcomes (NDC)</font></font></div><div style="font-size:12.8px"><a href="mailto:help@nationaldeafcenter.org" target="_blank"><font style="vertical-align:inherit"><font style="vertical-align:inherit">help@nationaldeafcenter.org</font></font></a></div><div style="font-size:12.8px"><a href="http://nationaldeafcenter.org" target="_blank"><font style="vertical-align:inherit"><font style="vertical-align:inherit">nationaldeafcenter.org</font></font></a></div><div style="font-size:12.8px"><div style="font-size:12.8px"><a href="https://www.nationaldeafcenter.org/sign-engage-ndc" target="_blank"><font style="vertical-align:inherit"><font style="vertical-align:inherit">Sign up for our Newsletter or Listserv</font></font></a></div><div style="font-size:12.8px"><br></div></div><div style="font-size:12.8px"><i><font style="vertical-align:inherit"><font style="vertical-align:inherit">Connect with NDC!</font></font></i></div><div style="font-size:12.8px"><a href="http://facebook.com/nationaldeafcenter" target="_blank"><img src="https://docs.google.com/uc?export=download&id=0B_65u08AVPDYQ0dTRHR2d09PSnM&revid=0B_65u08AVPDYODZLYy9hTVcxWnZhVnp2ams0RDlZV21oeVhvPQ"></a><a href="http://twitter.com/nationaldeafctr" target="_blank"><img src="https://docs.google.com/uc?export=download&id=0B_65u08AVPDYdGltMEtLbktVdG8&revid=0B_65u08AVPDYNE15dm9MU3Vid2pqWTE4c01KVVFXNi9IbFYwPQ"></a> <a href="http://instagram.com/nationaldeafcenter" target="_blank"><img src="https://docs.google.com/uc?export=download&id=0B_65u08AVPDYQjBZR3VBNHFBNkU&revid=0B_65u08AVPDYNlBJd2RkQXhHMUlOT1R6YmRqMzFtNXkwSmtVPQ"></a><br></div><div style="font-size:12.8px"><span style="font-size:12.8px"><br></span></div><div style="font-size:12.8px"><span style="font-size:12.8px"><font style="vertical-align:inherit"><font style="vertical-align:inherit">NDC is a technical assistance and dissemination center funded by the </font></font></span><span style="font-size:12.8px"><font style="vertical-align:inherit"><font style="vertical-align:inherit">U.S. Department of Education, OSEP #HD326D160001. Disclaimer: the contents of this email do not necessarily represent the policy of the U.S. Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the federal government. </font></font></span><br></div></div><div dir="ltr"><div style="font-size:12.8px"><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, May 1, 2018 at 11:35 AM, Maria Ortado <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:mortado@cfcc.edu" target="_blank">mortado@cfcc.edu</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Thank you both for your response!</div><div class="gmail_extra"><span class=""><br clear="all"><div><div class="m_2540097064607662296gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><p style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial"><b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Bradley Hand ITC"">Maria Ortado</span></b><span style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif"></span></p>

<p style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana,sans-serif">Interpreter Coordinator</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif"></span></p>

<span style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:13.3333px">Disability Support Services</span><br>

<span style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:13.3333px">Office: U216</span><br>

<span style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:13.3333px">Cape Fear Community College<br></span><a href="mailto:mcortado334@mail.cfcc.edu" style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:13.3333px" target="_blank">mortado@cfcc.edu</a><br><p style="font-size:12.8px;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana,sans-serif">Phone: (910) 362-7098<br>Dial 7-1-1 for <a href="https://www.fcc.gov/general/telecommunications-relay-services-trs" target="_blank">Telecommunications Relay Service</a></span></p>

<span style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:13.3333px">Fax: (910) 362-7113</span><br></div><div><span><font size="4" face="Bradley Hand ITC"><b><img src="https://docs.google.com/uc?export=download&id=128wu4oXRT5K9ghuDY_Bkxy7uPBOiOEzf&revid=0B5svTlVTBNtkSVRrSGtrc0Z6QUdReHlSQzVQWHU0L2NEb2hJPQ"></b></font></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<br></span><div class="gmail_quote"><div><div class="h5">On Mon, Apr 30, 2018 at 4:04 PM, Andrea L. Dietrich <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:adietrich@cornell.edu" target="_blank">adietrich@cornell.edu</a>></span> wrote:<br></div></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div><div class="h5">





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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Noto Sans",sans-serif">IMO, it depends on the quality of the captioning more than the verbatim/non-verbatim status. I do C-Print, and although I’m definitely not verbatim, and some times miss more than others,
 I feel like I capture the same amount of information, generally speaking, as a verbatim captionist would. Just in a more condensed form.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Noto Sans",sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Noto Sans",sans-serif">I think a really skilled meaning-for-meaning captionist would probably better serve most students than a mediocre verbatim captionist, but also vice versa.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Noto Sans",sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Noto Sans",sans-serif">-Andi :)<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Noto Sans",sans-serif">--------------------------<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Noto Sans",sans-serif">Andrea Dietrich
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Noto Sans",sans-serif">Cornell University
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Noto Sans",sans-serif">Student Disability Services
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Noto Sans",sans-serif">Cornell Health, Level 5<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Noto Sans",sans-serif">110 Ho Plaza<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Noto Sans",sans-serif">Ithaca, NY 14853
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Noto Sans",sans-serif"><a href="http://sds.cornell.edu/" target="_blank"><span style="color:#0563c1">http://sds.cornell.edu</span></a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Noto Sans",sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Noto Sans",sans-serif">Tel. 607.254.4545
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Noto Sans",sans-serif">Fax. 607.255.1562<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Noto Sans",sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Noto Sans",sans-serif">Office Hours:
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Noto Sans",sans-serif">Monday-Thursday 8:15AM-4:45PM
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Noto Sans",sans-serif">Friday 8:15AM-4:00PM<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Noto Sans",sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> athen-list <<a href="mailto:athen-list-bounces@mailman13.u.washington.edu" target="_blank">athen-list-bounces@mailman13.<wbr>u.washington.edu</a>>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Maria Ortado<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, April 30, 2018 1:18 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Access Technology Higher Education Network <<a href="mailto:athen-list@u.washington.edu" target="_blank">athen-list@u.washington.edu</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Athen] Word-for-word vs meaning-for-meaning captioning<u></u><u></u></span></p><div><div class="m_2540097064607662296h5">
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<p class="MsoNormal">Does anyone have an opinion about word-for-word vs meaning-for-meaning captioning? Have you had students request one over the other?<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Any experiences you can share with me would be greatly appreciated.<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Maria<br clear="all">
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<b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Bradley Hand ITC"">Maria Ortado</span></b><u></u><u></u></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">Interpreter Coordinator</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">Disability Support Services</span><br>
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">Office: U216</span><br>
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">Cape Fear Community College<br>
</span><a href="mailto:mcortado334@mail.cfcc.edu" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">mortado@cfcc.edu</span></a><br>
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<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">Phone: (910) 362-7098<br>
Dial 7-1-1 for <a href="https://www.fcc.gov/general/telecommunications-relay-services-trs" target="_blank">Telecommunications Relay Service</a></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">Fax: (910) 362-7113</span><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Bradley Hand ITC""><img border="0" id="m_2540097064607662296m_8721617798175796908_x0000_i1025" src="https://docs.google.com/uc?export=download&id=128wu4oXRT5K9ghuDY_Bkxy7uPBOiOEzf&revid=0B5svTlVTBNtkSVRrSGtrc0Z6QUdReHlSQzVQWHU0L2NEb2hJPQ"></span></b><u></u><u></u></p>
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E-mail correspondence to and from this address may be subject to the North Carolina Public Records Law and may be disclosed to third parties by an authorized state official. (NCGS.Ch.132)<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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E-mail correspondence to and from this address may be subject to the 
North Carolina Public Records Law and may be disclosed to third parties 
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