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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:#323E4F">To add a smidgen to Karen’s comments (…and I love everything Karen says!):<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:#323E4F"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:#323E4F">The way I think about it, is that when we make visual changes to text, we always have a purpose behind it. When we use Styles, we allow screen readers to announce our purpose.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:#323E4F"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:#323E4F">If a screen reader announces “bold text,” that only tells what visual change has been made, not why. I would be wondering, “Why is it bold? Is it a heading? If so, what
level heading in the organizational structure? Is it more important text? If so, what’s the level of importance compared to text that’s in italics?” And it would get more complicated if screen readers also announced details like “Bold, 14 point, dark green.”
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:#323E4F"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:#323E4F">We use heading styles to clarify the organizational structure of a document, and we use emphasis styles to help people know which text we consider most essential.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:#323E4F"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:#323E4F">When we use Styles instead of direct formatting, we allow screen readers to communicate the purpose/function/”role” of any section of text, regardless of what it looks like.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:#323E4F"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:#323E4F">My two cents,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:#323E4F">Chris<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:#323E4F"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:#007048">Christine Robinson</span></b><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:#007048">
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black">| Technical Trainer/Writer | Center for Teaching Excellence<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black">Georgia Gwinnett College | 678-407-</span><b><u><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:#00704A">5193</span></u></b><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:#323E4F"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> athen-list [mailto:athen-list-bounces@mailman12.u.washington.edu]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Karlen Communications<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, September 26, 2018 11:32 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Access Technology Higher Education Network' <athen-list@u.washington.edu><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Athen] Strong Vs. Bold<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif;color:#1F3864">In terms of accessible document design, bold and italic as well as underline are sort of deprecated in best practices in favour of using styles to accomplish
the same thing. This improves the accessibility of documents.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif;color:#1F3864"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif;color:#1F3864">For example, if I have trouble reading text in italics, I can modify the Emphasis Style to turn off italics and maybe make the text larger or a different
colour. As the person accessing the content, I can create my own Style Set and swap it out with the one that doesn’t work for me.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif;color:#1F3864"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif;color:#1F3864">Bold, italic and underline are consider direct formatting. “We” are trying to move away from direct formatting as it can create an accessibility barrier.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif;color:#1F3864"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif;color:#1F3864">While you can use Strong and Emphasis there is still no underline Style and when doing workshops on accessible document design, this is one of the things
I have participants to….add an Underline Style to their document template or the document they are remediating if underline has been used.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif;color:#1F3864"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif;color:#1F3864">I think it is also an alignment to what other document formats are using. For example, bold and strong were deprecated in HTML 4 in favour of strong and
emphasis.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif;color:#1F3864"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif;color:#1F3864">I’m hoping that in the near future, Microsoft will map the keyboard commands and the buttons on the Home Ribbon to the Styles instead of keeping them
as direct formatting.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif;color:#1F3864"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif;color:#1F3864">Cheers, Karen<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria",serif;color:#1F3864"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><b>From:</b> athen-list <<a href="mailto:athen-list-bounces@mailman12.u.washington.edu">athen-list-bounces@mailman12.u.washington.edu</a>>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Robert Spangler<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, September 26, 2018 11:07 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Access Technology Higher Education Network <<a href="mailto:athen-list@u.washington.edu">athen-list@u.washington.edu</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Athen] Strong Vs. Bold<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">Hello, I didn't want to hijack an existing thread, so I decided to start a new one. Robert, you indicated that if someone uses the strong style for bold, the screen reader will announce the style change. However,
the screen reader can also be configured to announce whether text is bold. With this being said, what is the difference between using the strong style or just making the text bold? Is it a visual difference?<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">Robert<o:p></o:p></p>
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<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">-- <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">Robert Spangler<br>
Disability Services Technical Support Specialist<br>
<a href="mailto:rspangler1@udayton.edu" target="_blank">rspangler1@udayton.edu</a><br>
Office of Learning Resources (OLR) - RL 023<br>
Ryan C. Harris Learning & Teaching Center (LTC)<br>
University of Dayton | 300 College Park | Dayton, Ohio 45469-1302 <br>
Phone: 937-229-2066<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">Fax: 937-229-3270<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">Ohio Relay: 711 (available for individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing)<o:p></o:p></p>
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Web Site: <a href="http://go.udayton.edu/learning" target="_blank">http://go.udayton.edu/learning</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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