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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72" style='word-wrap:break-word'><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal>Clarifying about headers/footers in PDFs…apologies in advance because this is long and detailed.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>WCAG doesn’t address headers, footers, and page numbers correctly. And WCAG isn’t the right standard to reference for accessible PDFs. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Instead, you’ll want to reference the PDF/UA-1, the current ISO standard (14289) for PDFs. You can purchase the standard directly from either the ISO in Geneva or the PDF Association, the designated and authorized manager of the ISO standard.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]>ISO’s website is <a href="https://www.iso.org/standard/64599.html">https://www.iso.org/standard/64599.html</a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]>PDF Association’s is <a href="https://pdfa.org/resource/iso-14289-pdfua/#pdf-ua-1">https://pdfa.org/resource/iso-14289-pdfua/#pdf-ua-1</a> Purchase button is in the upper right corner of the page.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>There’s also a freebie reference guide I recommend to our students and clients. Written by the working group that produces the PDF/UA standard itself, it provides very solid guidelines on how to use PDF/UA tags for accessible PDFs. The “Syntax Guide” is free from the PDF Association at <a href="https://pdfa.org/resource/tagged-pdf-best-practice-guide-syntax/">https://pdfa.org/resource/tagged-pdf-best-practice-guide-syntax/</a> Warning: it is written for programmers so read between the lines of code to see the actual tag structures.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>In it, you can reference <b>Section 3.5 Artifacts</b>, which discusses both headers/footers and repeating page numbers. In a nutshell, they all must be artifacted so that assistive technologies skip them to avoid interfering with the content stream, but they’re still visible on the page for sighted users. That’s what Karen McCall was saying in her previous post. Screen reader users don’t want to hear “Chapter 3: The History of the 100 Years War page 123” in the middle of a sentence that begins at the bottom of a page and reflows to the top of the next page. And they don’t need to hear “Chapter 3: The History of the 100 Years War page whatever” because they already know they’re in Chapter 3 and they can announce the specific page number they’re on any time they need to know it.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>The best way to artifact these elements is in the source document, not the exported PDF.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]>In Word, everything placed inside Word’s header and footer sections is automatically artifacted when the PDF is exported, so everything should be correct in the final PDF. Learn how to make an accessible Word document that exports to an accessible PDF.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]>In PowerPoint, certain items on the Slide Masters are automatically artifacted when the PDF is exported. Learn how to make an accessible PowerPoint slide deck that exports to an accessible PDF.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]>And in Adobe InDesign, all items placed on the Master/Parent pages is automatically artifacted. Additionally, individual objects (text frames and graphics) in the body of the page can be manually designated as artifacts, too. Learn how to make an InDesign layout that exports to an accessible PDF.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>When the tools in these authoring programs are used correctly, they will produce a compliant PDF that doesn’t need any remediation afterwards…well, for these items at least! <grin><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>However, if you’re stuck with a PDF and can’t get your fingers on the source file, then you can manually correct this in Acrobat:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3'><![if !supportLists]><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><![endif]>Select the parent tag, such as <P> that holds the header/footer.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3'><![if !supportLists]><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><![endif]>Expand the tag to expose the yellow content container inside the tag.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3'><![if !supportLists]><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><![endif]>Right-click on the yellow content container and select Artifact. The yellow content container will now disappear from the tag tree.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3'><![if !supportLists]><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>4.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><![endif]>It leaves behind a now empty <P> tag which can safely be deleted. But be careful: only truly empty tags can be deleted so make sure the <P> doesn’t have any content containers or the grey expansion arrow to its left.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>FYI, both myself and Karen McCall are on the ISO committees for PDF and PDF/UA. There are over 50 specifications for different types of PDF files and their usages, and we’re both on a smattering of them, as well. Both of us were on the first WCAG teams that created the original accessibility standards. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>And personally, I’ve been a traditional programmer, PDF programmer, web developer, and digital media developer. A website’s code is exceptionally simple compared to at PDF’s code. The code structure of the two are extremely different, and there are differences between what a webpage presents as content from what a Word/PDF document presents. Like headers and footers and page numbers and text content that reflows from page to page, column to column.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Know all of the standards and understand which one to use for different types of content. We have recent blogs on this at:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:38.55pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]>Accessibility Standards: <a href="https://www.pubcom.com/blog/standards/wcag-pdf/index.shtml">https://www.pubcom.com/blog/standards/wcag-pdf/index.shtml</a> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:38.55pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]>US Laws for Accessibility: <a href="https://www.pubcom.com/blog/us-laws/all/index.shtml">https://www.pubcom.com/blog/us-laws/all/index.shtml</a> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:38.55pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]>PDF/UA tag set: <a href="https://www.pubcom.com/blog/2020_05-02_tags/pdf-ua-tags.shtml">https://www.pubcom.com/blog/2020_05-02_tags/pdf-ua-tags.shtml</a> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Hope this helps everyone make accessible PDFs as quickly and painlessly as possible.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>-- Bevi Chagnon <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:#D0CECE;mso-ligatures:none'>— — —<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-ligatures:none'>Bevi Chagnon <b><span style='color:#AEAAAA'>| </span></b><span style='color:#595959'>Designer, Accessibility Technician</span><b><span style='color:#AEAAAA'> |</span></b> <a href="mailto:Chagnon@PubCom.com"><span style='color:#0563C1'>Chagnon@PubCom.com</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-ligatures:none'>US Delegate to the ISO Committees for PDF and PDF/UA Accessibility<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:#D0CECE;mso-ligatures:none'>— — —<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='mso-ligatures:none'>PubCom: <span style='color:#C00000'>Technologists for Accessible Design + Publishing</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-ligatures:none'>consulting </span><span style='color:#D0CECE;mso-ligatures:none'>•</span><span style='mso-ligatures:none'> training </span><span style='color:#D0CECE;mso-ligatures:none'>•</span><span style='mso-ligatures:none'> development </span><span style='color:#D0CECE;mso-ligatures:none'>•</span><span style='mso-ligatures:none'> design </span><span style='color:#D0CECE;mso-ligatures:none'>•</span><span style='mso-ligatures:none'> sec. 508 services<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='mso-ligatures:none'>Upcoming classes</span></b><span style='mso-ligatures:none'> at <a href="http://www.pubcom.com/classes"><span style='color:#0563C1'>www.PubCom.com/<b>classes</b></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:#D0CECE;mso-ligatures:none'>— — —<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-ligatures:none'><a href="https://mailchi.mp/e694edcdfadd/class-discount-3266574"><span style='color:#0563C1'>Latest blog-tutorial</span></a> – <b><a href="https://www.pubcom.com/blog/2020_08-18_ReadingOrder/reading-orders.shtml"><span style='color:#0563C1'>The 4 Reading Orders in PDFs</span></a></b> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='mso-ligatures:none'>From:</span></b><span style='mso-ligatures:none'> athen-list <athen-list-bounces@mailman12.u.washington.edu> <b>On Behalf Of </b>Adina Mulliken<br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, June 29, 2023 2:23 PM<br><b>To:</b> athen-list@u.washington.edu; EDUCAUSE-ITACCESS@ConnectedCommunity.org<br><b>Subject:</b> [Athen] How do WCAG & PDF/UA authorize removing running headers and footers from PDFs?<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Hi all,<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Apologies for the cross posting. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>I’m wondering if anyone could advise me what success criteria or techniques within WCAG you think could most clearly be interpreted to authorize “removing” repetitive headers and footers from PDFs? I’m aiming to find the most specific criterion or “technique” or “failure” that I can. Maybe 2.4.1 Bypass blocks? Or Info and Relationships? If nothing else, I suppose this could fall under POUR principles. Or anything within PDF/UA or any other standards you know of? Maybe this sentence that I found in PDF/UA: “<span style='color:black;background:white'>Artifacts shall be marked as such and shall not be tagged in the structure tree.”?</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>I would also appreciate opinions from any of you all in the accessibility community saying whether you think it’s important to remove repetitive headers and footers that interrupt the flow of text, as that could be helpful for me. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>I want to see if I can justify erring on the accessibility side of a possible conflict between copyright/licensing versus accessibility. (This is a situation where exceptions to copyright for people with disabilities wouldn’t apply.) <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Please respond to me directly if you prefer.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Thank you!<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Adina<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-ligatures:none'>Adina Mulliken<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-ligatures:none'>Associate Professor, Librarian Silberman Social Work and Urban Public Health Library<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-ligatures:none'>Hunter College, City University of New York<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-ligatures:none'>2180 3<sup>rd</sup> Ave. New York, NY<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-ligatures:none'>Phone 212-396-7665<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-ligatures:none'>Pronouns she/her</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></body></html>